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This charming toad species
inhabits the leaf litter of primary and secondary lowland forest, but is
occasionally found in heavily altered habitats such as rubber and other
plantations.
Unless searching out shallow water bodies at night for breeding, this
species is more often heard calling from beneath leaf litter by day. Its call is
a dual-syllabic gentle rasping sound.
The dorsal surface and flanks are brownish-orange, and the ventral surface
pale orange to whitish. The head is relatively small. The parotid gland is
long and slender, starting from behind the eye and extending along most of
the body.
The Four-ridged Toad occurs in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and
Borneo.
Family : BUFONIDAE
Species : Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
Size (snout to vent) :
Female 6.3 cm, Male 4.8 cm
References : H2, H3
Top and second left : two examples at the margins
of a freshwater swamp, Singapore.
Third left and bottom : two specimens found amongst forest floor leaf litter
in Singapore's central forests.
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