Vertebrate fauna of SE Asia
  

 

   
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Text and photos by Nick Baker, unless credited to others.
Copyright © Ecology Asia 2024

 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

   

 

 

Family : Bufonidae

  Play call Visit Page   Recording Details
Duttaphrynus melanostictus
Asian Toad
  Singapore, February 2018, near sea-level.
Heard calling during the rainy season, from a small, man-made pond within secondary forest. The call was loud and could be heard from 50 metres away.
Ingerophrynus parvus
Lesser Toad
  Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, 16 Nov 2017, 2205 hrs.
Numerous toads were heard calling from a flooded roadside ditch adjacent to  lowland primary forest.
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
Four-ridged Toad
  Venus Drive, Singapore, 02 Nov 2016, 1610 hrs.
Recorded in an area of lowland, secondary forest where numerous shallow puddles form after heavy rain. 

Family : Megophryidae

  Play call Visit Page   Recording Details
Leptobrachium nigrops
Black-eyed Litter Frog
  Lower Peirce, Singapore, 17 Nov 2016, 1930 hrs.
Numerous frogs heard calling near a lowland, forest stream during the rainy season. The call is a like the rattle of a machine-gun. 
Pelobatrachus nasutus
Malayan Horned Frog
  Upper Peirce, Singapore, 08 Jan 2019, 1900 hrs.
A single frog was heard calling from the edge of lowland freshwater swamp forest, 30 minutes before dusk. The call is a distinctive, single 'honk'.

Family : Dicroglossidae

  Play call Visit Page   Recording Details
Fejervarya cancrivora
Crab-eating Frog
  Air Papan, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 05 Nov 2016, 2000 hrs, sea-level.
Recorded in an area of rice paddy, near a mosque. In the background the deep, resonating calls of Kaloula pulchra can be heard.
Fejervarya limnocharis
Field Frog
  West Coast, Singapore, 21 Jun 2017, 2030 hrs.
Heard calling tentatively from waterlogged grassland next to a water-filled ditch.
  Limnonectes hascheanus
Hill Forest Frog
  Fraser's Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, 20 May 2016, 1200 hrs, 1300 metres.  
Recorded along a well-used trail (Pine Tree Trail) through lower montane forest : the frog was concealed beneath leaf litter on an embankment. 
  Limnonectes paramacrodon
Masked Swamp Frog
  Central Catchment, Singapore, 06 Jan 2022, 1730 hrs. The call is a quiet 'chuckle' typically emanating from swampy pools, or from amongst leaf litter. Recorded late afternoon at the edge of freshwater swamp forest.  
  Limnonectes plicatellus
Rhinoceros Frog
  Central Catchment, Singapore, 03 Jan 2022, 1730 hrs. The call is a quiet, low rasping sound. Recorded during drizzling rain at the edge of freshwater swamp forest.  
Occidozyga martensii
Marten's Oriental Frog
  Air Hitam Dalam, Penang State, Peninsular Malaysia, 06 Dec 2016, 0720 hrs.
Many calls heard early morning, from waterlogged and flooded vegetation near Sungai Kreh. 
Occidozyga sumatrana
Yellow-bellied Puddle Frog
  Singapore.
Recorded after rain in freshwater swamp forest habitat. Audio file thanks to Law Ingg Thong. 

Family : Ranidae

  Play call Visit Page   Recording Details
Amnirana nicobariensis
Cricket Frog
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 06 Nov 2016, 1730 hrs.
Recorded in an area of open, secondary growth at the edge of a logging road through lowland, freshwater swamp forest. 
Chalcorana cf. labialis
Copper-cheeked Frog
  Macritchie, Singapore, 04 Jun 2018, 1100 hrs.
Heard calling from a tangle of vegetation in an inlet of Macritchie Reservoir, during a hot, sunny morning. The call is very quiet, so significant gain has been applied to the recording. 
Hylarana baramica
Golden-eared Rough-sided Frog
  Gunung Arong, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 04 Nov 2016, 2105 hrs.
Heard calling at the edge of lowland swamp forest. 
Hylarana erythraea
Common Greenback
  Kent Ridge Park, Singapore, 11 May 2020, 2000 hrs.
Heard calling from a small pond at the edge of secondary forest. Audio file thanks to Yeo Seng Beng. 
Hylarana glandulosa
Rough-sided Frog
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 06 Nov 2016, 1730 hrs.
Recorded in a pool at the edge of a logging road through lowland, freshwater swamp forest. The frog making the clicking call is Amnirana nicobariensis
Hylarana cf. nigrovittata
Black-striped Frog
  Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, 01 March 2015, 1300 hrs
A single frog was heard calling by day from the sunny margin of a lowland stream, at the very edge of extensive lowland forest. 
Pulchrana laterimaculata
Masked Rough-sided Frog
  Venus Drive, Singapore, 02 Nov 2016, 1600 hrs, 30 metres.
Recorded in an area of secondary forest where numerous shallow puddles form after heavy rain.  
Pulchrana sundabarat
Western Sunda Spotted Stream Frog
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 23 Dec 2016, 2020 hrs.
Heard calling from the edge of a narrow, fast-flowing, clear stream at the margin of an area of freshwater swamp forest, a day after heavy rain.
Sylvirana guentheri
Günther's Frog
  Sembawang, Singapore, 13 Mar 2018, 1615 hrs.
Heard calling on a hot, sunny day from beneath a pile of rocks, next to a gully in an area of farmland. 

Family : Rhacophoridae

  Play call Visit Page   Recording Details
Kurixalus chaseni
Frilled Tree Frog
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 23 Dec 2016, 2000 hrs.
Numerous frogs were heard calling at the margin of freshwater swamp forest, a day after heavy rain. The frog calling 'whoop, whoop' in the background is Hylarana glandulosa.  
Nyctixalus pictus
Spotted Tree Frog
  Sime Forest, Singapore, 07 Mar 2017, 2250 hrs.
A single frog was heard calling from low, tangled vegetation in secondary forest. This call comprises 5 or 6 peeps of the same frequency: it lacks the rapid, upwardly-inflected, terminal peeps which are sometimes heard.
Polypedates leucomystax
Four-lined Tree Frog
  Thomson Forest, Singapore, 17 Nov 2016, 2000 hrs.
A single frog heard calling from roadside vegetation at the edge of secondary forest during the rainy season. The call is a duck-like 'quack'. 
Rhacophorus norhayatiae
Norhayati's Flying Frog
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 28 Jan 2019, 2015 hrs.
Three examples were heard calling from elevated perches in trees at the margin of freshwater swamp forest. The call is a rattling sound, the loudest of which can be heard at 11 seconds in the audio file.
Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus
Blue-spotted Bush Frog
  Singapore, 30 Apr Jan 2014, 2235 hrs.
The call is a very quiet, but sharp 'chit'. Heard calling from the edge of freshwater swamp forest. Audio file thanks to Yeo Suay Hwee. 

Family : Microhylidae

  Play call Visit Page   Recording Details
Kalophrynus limbooliati
Lim's Black-spotted Sticky Frog
  Sime Forest, Singapore, 10 Mar 2017, 1020 hrs.
A single frog was heard calling from amongst leaf litter in secondary forest, on a warm, sunny morning. The harsh bird call at the start of the recording is that of the Pin-striped Tit Babbler Macronus gularis.
Kalophrynus pleurostigma
Black-spotted Sticky Frog
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 21 Dec 2016, 0900 hrs.
A single frog was heard calling from a stream gully in an area of lowland, freshwater swamp forest on a sunny morning. 
Kaloula pulchra
Banded Bullfrog
  Springleaf, Singapore, 24 Feb 2016, 1935 hrs.
Small group heard calling from low-lying, flooded grassland at around dusk. 
Metaphrynella pollicaris
Malayan Treehole Frog
  Fraser's Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, 17 Nov 2017, 1136 hrs, 1200 metres.
A lone treehole frog calls on a damp, drizzly night. For this individual, the interval between each note is 27 seconds.
Microhyla butleri
Painted Chorus Frog
  Lim Chu Kang, Singapore, 01 May 2017, 2100 hrs.
Numerous calls heard from waterlogged, roadside ditch. The call is a dual-syllabic squeak. In the background can be heard the clicking/rattling call of Microhyla heymonsi, which were calling from the same puddles.
Microhyla fissipes
East Asian Ornate Chorus Frog
  Singapore.
Recorded after heavy rain in a flooded field adjacent to secondary forest habitat.  Audio file thanks to Law Ingg Thong. 
Microhyla heymonsi
Dark-sided Chorus Frog
  Springleaf, Singapore, 20 Nov 2016, 1930 hrs.
Numerous calls heard from low-lying, flooded grassland during the rainy season. 
Microhyla mantheyi
Manthey's Chorus Frog
  Singapore.
Recorded after rain in freshwater swamp forest habitat.  Audio file thanks to Law Ingg Thong. 

Thanks to Leong Tzi Ming, Law Ingg Thong and Law Ing Sind for assistance in identifying and confirming many of these frog calls.

 
Other vertebrates

  Play call / vocalisation Visit Page   Recording Details
Gekko gecko
Tokay
  Low hills overlooking Borobodur / Kedu Valley, Central Java, Indonesia, 01 Feb 2017, 2155 hrs.  Elevation: 430 metres.
A single Tokay was found inhabiting the roof space of a hillside villa, and would call loudly every evening.
Gekko smithi / Gekko hulk
Large Forest Gecko
  Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, 29 Nov 2016, 1700 hrs.
Heard calling from beneath the roof of an open-sided rest hut: other examples were calling from adjacent forest.