Fig 1
Fig 2
Fig 3
Fig 4
Fig 5
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Order : CHIROPTERA
Family : Hipposideridae
Species : Hipposideros larvatus
Forearm Length : up to 6.2 cm
Weight : up to 19 grams
(Kingston et al, 2006)
Hipposideros larvatus
(Intermediate Roundleaf Bat, Horsfield's Leaf-nosed Bat) occurs widely in
the Southeast Asia region, as well as neighbouring parts of southern China,
Bangladesh and northeastern India (Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2020).
Its roosting sites include natural caves, particularly in limestone karst
areas, rock crevices, and man-made structures such as abandoned buildings.
This adaptable species forages in dry or humid forest, and degraded
agricultural areas.
The diagnostic feature of
this species is the presence of three lateral accessory leaflets on each side of the
main noseleaf.
Its dorsal fur colour is light brown, dark greyish-brown or reddish-brown.
The ears and noseleaf are dark grey or brown, and the ear shape is rounded
and broad with a sharp tip. The fur on the chest and belly is much paler,
sometimes creamy.
In Peninsular Malaysia the constant frequency (CF) component of its
search-phase call ranges from 97 to 100 kHz. In other territories, for
example Laos, it can range from 86 to 102 kHz. (Francis, 2019).
Hipposideros larvatus is a species complex with different species
varying in genetics, size and echolocation frequency (Francis, 2019).
Fig 1 : This pair from Perlis, northern Peninsular Malaysia, are roosting
near the entrance to a limestone cave.
Fig 2 : Rugged limestone hills dominate the landscape in Perlis, Peninsular
Malaysia, near the border with Thailand. Large groups of Hipposideros
larvatus are known to roost in caves in such areas.
Figs 3 and 4 : A dark grey to yellowish-brown example in a cave at
Taman Negara, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia.
Fig 5 : Sonogram recorded at the entrance to a limestone cave in Perlis,
Peninsular Malaysia. The constant frequency (CF) portion of this call is
98.3 kHz.
References :
Francis, C.M. 2019. A Field Guide to the Mammals of South-east Asia. Second
Edition. New Holland. 416 pp.
Kingston, T., Lim B.L., Zubaid, A., 2006. Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Srinivasulu, C. & Srinivasulu, A. 2020. Hipposideros larvatus.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85646564A22091287.
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