Source : The Standard, China, 22 Aug '05
By : Agence France-Presse
  

	A 10-month-old orangutan plays around the legs of its minder. - REUTERS

``This is Siswi, the daughter of one of my best friends, Siswoyo,'' Galdikas says, casually introducing the thirsty interloper who then proceeds to guzzle her way through a small mountain of tropical fruit.

Despite Galdikas' familiarity with the ginger-haired orangutan who clambers on to the porch to offer her a rough and affectionate hug, Siswi's presence is an increasing rarity in the trees around her Borneo home, where aggressive destruction of one of the world's last remaining great ape habitats has led to a precipitous decline in their population.

Equally rare, perhaps, is Galdikas herself: a scientist whose boundless passion for the study and preservation of orangutans has repeatedly drawn her back to the hostile jungles of Indonesia and a life that is certainly unique among the few who share her profession.

Galdikas, born to Lithuanian parents in Canada, embarked on her lifelong quest to explore the world of great apes in 1971 after persuading eminent Kenyan paleontologist Louis Leakey to recruit her as a researcher.

Leakey had already dispatched two other women on study missions to Africa - Jane Goodall, whose investigations of chimpanzees has made her a household name, and Dian Fossey, whose life and murder in the mountains of the Congo inspired the Sigourney Weaver film Gorillas in the Mist.

Galdikas, by then a University of California at Los Angeles graduate of psychology and zoology, was to become the third of ``Leakey's Angels,'' exploring the mysterious ``people of the forest,'' about which very little was then known.

``Initially I wanted to go to Sumatra, but Dr Leakey said there were already Dutch scientists working with orangutans there. He said he had something different in mind for me and sent me to Borneo,'' she recalls over another cup of coffee that she keeps safely out of Siswi's reach.

Alongside a small area of Indonesia's island of Sumatra, Borneo is the only remaining natural habitat of the orangutan, whose numbers have dwindled to less than 60,000 from a population that once spanned Southeast Asia.

``If I had gone to Sumatra, my life would be very different. It was fate that I came here,'' says Galdikas.

``Here'' is Camp Leakey, an orangutan research and preservation center, named after her old mentor, that now employs 200 assistants to observe the apes and safeguard their environment in Indonesian Borneo's 400,000hectare Tanjung Puting national park.

The camp, which now has a museum and a modest collection of wooden buildings, is a far cry from the rudimentary hut that greeted 25-year-old Galdikas and her then husband, photographer Rod Brindamour, when they first set foot in Kalimantan's dense uncharted forests. Then, as now, Camp Leakey could only be reached by boat - a four-hour chug up the crocodile-infested Sekonyer river under a canopy of trees filled with whooping gibbons and gravel-voiced hornbills.

Galdikas' first stint at Leakey saw her wading neck-deep in mosquito-ridden swamps and enduring monsoon rains to track the orangutans as they swung from treetops. Her studies of their mating, grooming, feeding and fighting uncovered many startling similarities with our own species - discoveries which further fueled her interest.

``I have always been fascinated by orangutans,'' she says, a fact she proves a moment later when she picks up a camera to shoot pictures of Pedro, a powerful 113-kilogram male orangutan who looms out of the twilight near Galdikas' house in search of food.

``There's something about their eyes. There's something eerily human about them.''

The Canadian's findings took her on to the front pages of National Geographic, and earned her an academic acclaim that she has followed up with several books, the latest of which, Great Ape Odyssey, was published earlier this year.

But unwilling to abandon her new home and new friends, Galdikas returned again and again to Camp Leakey, furthering her studies and going on to establish the Orangutan Foundation dedicated to saving the species from extinction.

Massive deforestation in Borneo and Sumatra by illegal loggers, man-made forest fires, extensive gold mining and land clearing for oil palm plantations has dramatically reduced the orangutan population in 20 years, a decline Galdikas has struggled to keep in check.

``In the last 20 years, the [orangutan] population has probably dipped by at least 50 percent in Tanjung Puting,'' she says.

``But the net effect of having Camp Leakey and people here for 34 years is that this forest has been almost totally protected from fires, illegal gold mining and illegal logging. If we hadn't been here, it would have been destroyed.''

Camp Leakey came close to destruction five years ago when 300 armed illegal loggers occupied the area and began felling trees. The involvement of local police in their eviction marked a turning point for Tanjung Puting, which now has several US-funded security posts ensuring the forest's protection.

However, threats to the park and the rest of Borneo's jungles remain, primarily from palm oil farmers who view the orangutan as a pest, often capturing and selling them for about US$30 (HK$234) - a pitiful sum compared to the thousands they fetch on the international black market, eventually winding up as pets or in unethical zoos.

``Palm oil is the No1 enemy of orangutans and all wildlife in Borneo,'' says Galdikas.

``Time is running out for the orangutans because the palm oil plantations are spreading. Illegal logging may seem horrific, but at least illegal logging leaves some canopy in place. Palm oil plantations leave nothing.''

For all her efforts to protect the forest around her, the Borneo wilderness has repaid Galdikas, 58, with illness and isolation, taking its toll on her health and, at times, her family life.

Students visiting her at Camp Leakey are regaled with horror stories of atypical pneumonia and a particularly nasty bout of cholera that saw her lose 12 kilograms in a week. With her straggled, graying hair and weary demeanor, Galdikas is barely recognizable as the lithe young woman who once graced magazine covers.

``It's a very hard life here. People think it's glamorous - they see me sitting with an adult female orangutan ... on the cover of National Geographic and they see me in a TV film and they think its exciting,'' she says, referring to a documentary made this year in which she featured with Julia Roberts.

``But it's actually very hard and very gritty, and you don't lead the most comfortable life in the world and your family complains.

``Your family makes sacrifices. My children, especially my two younger children, are very outspoken about that. I think it's worth it, but if you ask them they might have a different answer. But I think they'd say it's worth it.''

Galdikas, now a grandmother and a mother of three children all in their 20s, divorced Brindamour after the couple had completed seven years in Borneo. He wanted to resettle back in North America and she was smitten with her jungle life. She later married a prominent local Indonesian and, although she divides her time between Tanjung Puting, Canada and California, she holds an Indonesian passport.

Her goal remains the preservation of the apes, 240 of which are under the care of the Orangutan Foundation. ``We are going to prevent extinction from happening in Tanjung Puting and so far we've done a very good job,'' she says.